Population & Migration

Reading I: A Century of World Population Trends 1995-2050

A. Match the following words with their correct meanings.]
Answer:

a. populous: having a large population: densely populated

b. mortality: the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time

c. projection: an estimation of what figures will be in the future

d. demographic: relating to the population and different groups within it

e. peak: reach the highest point or value

f. stabilization: the process of making somebody/something unlikely to change

g. trajectory: a path followed by something

h. surpass: to be greater than something; exceed

i. disparate: completely dissimilar

B. Complete the following sentences with the correct information from the text.
Answer:

a. The highest population growth rate in the past hundred years was 2.1 percent.

b. Population growth rate is likely to reach 8.5 billion by mid-twenty-first century.

c. The factors that determine the growth rate of the world population are fertility and mortality.

d. In the early 2020s, Eastern and South-Eastern Asia had 2.3 billion population.

e. The population of the sub-Saharan region is likely to reach above 2 billion by the end of the 2040s.

f. The low level of fertility will cause a fall in population size of Europe and Northern America by the late 2030s.

g. India is likely to exceed the population of China by 2023.

C. Answer the following questions.
Answer:

a. What was the size of the world population in the mid-twentieth century?
Ans: The size of the world population in the mid-twentieth century is more than 5 billion.

b. What was the fastest population growth rate in the past century?
Ans: The fastest population growth rate in the past century was around 2.1 percent per year.

c. Why has the population growth rate declined in recent years?
Ans: The population growth rate is declined in the recent years because of low fertility rate.

d. What is the predicted world population size by 2050?
Ans: The predicted world population size by 2050 is 9.7 billion.

e. How do fertility and mortality contribute to the size of the population?
Ans: Fertility and mortality contribute to the size of the population because they are the major factors of population change. If fertility increases, the population will increase and if mortality rate increases the population growth will decrease.

f. Which countries contribute to the largest population in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia?Ans: China and India contribute to the largest population in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia.

g. Why will population regions have a different population variation in the next 30 years?
Ans: Population regions have a different population variation in the next 30 years because of the different growth rate in the region.

h. Which countries are most likely to contribute to the growth of world population by 2050?
Ans: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and the United Republic of Tanzania are most likely to to contribute to the growth of world population by 2050.

D. Do you think the world population will increase as projected in the text? Discuss.
Answer:
I think the population will not increase rapidly. It is because of the following reasons. First of all, people are comparatively better educated than before. They give birth to less number of children. Another thing is that it is difficult rear many siblings due to low income. Another reason, I think is that many youths are living in “Living Together” without having babies. So, I think the population does not increase as fast as we think.

Grammar I

A. Match the sentence halves and make meaningful sentences.
Answer:

a. We continued the match: athough it was raining heavily.

b. Dolma was selected for the post: even though she had no prior experience for the job.

c. Christina attended the class: despite the fact that she was not feeling well.

d. I often leave home quite early: however, I always reach my office on time.

e. Chintamani never participates in social functions: despite looking very sociable.

f. It was snowing heavily: yet it was not too cold.

g. He did not give up smoking: in spite of the warnings of the doctor.

h. I have never been to Bandipur : though it is not far from my home.

i. We were lost in the town: although we had the map of the town with us.

B. Complete the sentences below in a suitable way. Use the connectives of contradiction where necessary.
Answer:

a. Although I had not seen him before, I recognized him at home

b. Even though it was snowing outside, we did not fell cold.

c. In spite of his hard work, he failed the exam.

d. Although she had not practiced more Sarmistha gave a good speech at the function.

e. Despite being Nepali , she spoke excellent French.

f. I had not eaten anything since last evening, although I am felling ok.

g. In spite of our best efforts, we were not qualified for the final match.

h. The food was very tasty even though the restaurant was not very popular.

i. Though I wrote fast, I could only attempt half of the questions.

j. Even though we treated he as our boss, she was not pleased with us at all.

Writing I

Study the graph and chart below and write an interpretation of each of them.

a. Nepali Student Migration
Answer:
This graph is about Nepali students’ migration to foreign countries for better academic achievement. The graph gives the data of ten years and during these last eight years, the number is increasing. According to the chart, only in 2011 and 2012 migration trend was low. As 10, 258 students migrated in 2012, the number reached up to 63, 259 in the to 63, 259 in the year 2019. In conclusion, we can say that the number of students’ migration is
increasing every year.

b. Distribution of Population of Kathmandu Metropolitan in Terms of Languages (Based on the population census of 2011.
Answer:
The pie chart is about the distribution of population of Kathmandu Metropolitan city in terms of Languages. It is based on the population census of 2011.According to the chart, the largest population, that is 61.26%, is Nepali speakers in the city. Similarly the second largest language community in language is of Newar. Among ten languages, Tamang comes in the third position with 5.55% which is followed by Maithili. Five different language speaking people are in the same in number, i.e. one percent each.
To sum up, we can say that as in the whole country, Nepali language dwellers is the largest population in the city.

Reading II: Discovering Migration: What Birds Reveal

A. Study the following word list and find their synonyms and antonyms as shown in the example. Write NA if the word does not have a synonym or antonym in the list.
Answer:
Note: synonyms are bold and underlined.

a. Transform: Change, remodel, commute, revamp, hold on, stagnate

b. Incredible: unbelievable, amazing, wonderful, credible, plausible,

c. Roadmap: guideline, plan, direction, map, protocol, procedure

d. Retrace: backtrack, recall, recollect, reminisce, forget,

e. Grab: clutch, snatch, capture, free, liberate, release,

f. Elevation: height, altitude, level, flat, lowness

g. Waterlogged: dry, wet, sodden, soaked, drenched, dehydrated, arid

h. Refuel: refill, replenish, restock, deplete, exhaust,

i. Cluster: band, bunch, chump, array, clump

j. Crucial: vital, fundamental, trivial, insignificant, unimportant,

k. Perilous: risky, dangerous, precarious, terrifying, harmless,

B. Complete sentences (a-f) with their correct endings (i-vii).
Answer:

a. In the past people had the misconception that birds hid underground or changed into some other birds.

b. To supply themselves with energy some birds stop to feed themselves with grains.

c. When the weather is favourable in spring birds fly back to their habitats.

d. As a sign of partial migration some birds travel to a different place while others do not.

e. To wait for favourable weather some birds choose to fly during the night.

f. For better flying conditions birds fly in large groups.

C. Answer these questions
Answer:

a. What is incredible about the migration of birds?
Ans: The incredible things about the migration of birds is that they fly over land and oceans without roadmaps.

b. What things do birds consider while flying to their destinations?
Ans: The birds consider about weather, food, stopover etc. while flying to their destinations.

c. Which animals other than the birds migrate to new places?
Ans: Amphibians, mammals. fish and reptiles also migrate to new places.

d. What do scoters dive underwater for?
Ans: The scoters dive underwater for catching shellfish from the floor of the ocean.

e. Which birds travel up and down instead of going north to south?
Ans: Mountain birds like brindled titmice and mountain chickadees travel up and down instead of going north to south.

f. What is the partial migration of birds?
Ans: Even within a bird species, some birds may migrate while others do not. This is called partial migration of birds.

g. Why can sea terns not stay long in water?
Ans: The sea terns can’t stay long in water because they become waterlogged.

h. How do birds feed themselves during their journeys?
Ans: Some of the birds feed on flying insects and some others feed at stopovers during their journeys.

i. What are the signs of birds flying in the night sky?
Ans: Some dark moving objects in moonlight in the spring season are the signs of birds flying in the night sky.

C. You might have seen or heard of animals migrating to new places. What could be the reasons for animals to migrate? Discuss.
Answer: Animals migrate to new places for a variety of reasons. Some of them are given below.

Food availability: Animals migrate to places where they can find sufficient food and water to survive. This is particularly common among herbivores, which need to move to new grazing areas as vegetation cycles through different stages of growth.
Breeding: Many species migrate to specific areas for breeding, such as sea turtles that travel long distances to lay their eggs on beaches or birds that return to the same nesting sites each year.

Climate: Some animals migrate to avoid harsh environmental conditions, such as cold temperatures, lack of water, or drought. For example, many species of birds migrate to warmer climates during the winter months.

Population pressure: In some cases, animals may migrate to new areas to relieve population pressure in their original habitat. This is particularly common among migratory species that move between different regions throughout the year.

Overall, animal migration is a natural behavior that allows different species to adapt to changing environmental conditions and survive in a constantly evolving world.

Grammar II

A. Complete the sentences below with the correct alternatives from the brackets.
Answer:

a. Even though we have different ideologies, we are intimate friends.

b. Despite our hard efforts, we could not establish a hospital in the village.

c. Even though the film was very popular, it was a commercial failure.

d. I enjoyed all the luxuries of life despite the fact that I grew up in a remote village.

e. I watched a late night movie. However I didn’t feel sleepy in the morning class.

f. Even though scientists have made lots of research there is no evidence of life on mars.

g. In spite of my efforts, I can’t ever score excellent marks in the exam.

h. My room was burgled although I had locked it securely before going out.

i. I called Siddhartha several times but he did not respond.

j. Even though we had not invited them they came to the party.

B. Join the following pairs of sentences with the connectives given in the brackets.
Answer:

a. Although I was really exhausted. I could not sleep well.

b. She was shortlisted for the job In spite of having no requirements.

c. I decided to work for the company even though The pay was quite low.

d. We had prepared for the match really well Yet We lost it.

e. Dipisha completed her assignment despite her injury.

f. Kripa exercises every day however ,She is gaining weight.

g. Barcelona won the match nevertheless they were limited to ten players.

h. I love to watch cricket on TV while My brother loves to watch football.

i. He woke up early in the morning In spite of going to bed late.

j. He was selected for the school team although He had not played well.

Writing II

A large number of youths and professionals leave Nepal and migrate abroad each year. Write an essay expressing your opinion about the impacts of such migration. Also include suggestions and solutions to the problems caused by migration.
Answer:

Impacts of Migration

The number of youths and professionals leaving Nepal and migrating abroad each year is a complex issue with multiple contributing factors. Some of them are as follows. Despite having a relatively young and educated population, Nepal has struggled to create enough job opportunities for its citizens, particularly in fields such as technology and engineering. Nepal has experienced political instability and economic challenges in recent years, which has led some young people and professionals to seek opportunities abroad. Many Nepalese students travel abroad to pursue higher education, and some choose to stay and work in their host country after graduation. Some Nepalese workers migrate abroad in search of higher wages and better living standards. This is particularly common in fields such as construction, hospitality, and domestic work. The migration of youths and professionals from Nepal to other countries can have both positive and negative impacts on the country and the individuals involved.

Positive impacts

The migrants send money back home to their families, which can help support their households-and contribute to the country’s economy.
The migrants gain new skills and experiences that they can bring back to Nepal and apply in the local context.
Nepalese migrants can help to build relationships between Nepal and their host countries, which can lead to increased trade and cultural exchange.

Negative impacts

The migration of skilled and educated individuals can leave Nepal with a shortage of talent in key sectors such as healthcare, engineering, and technology. It is called brain drain.
The migration of young people and professionals can lead to family separation, loss of social capital, and disruption of traditional community structures.
The reliance on remittances from migrants can lead to dependency on external sources of income and reduce incentives to develop local industries and businesses.

Overall, while the migration of Nepalese youths and professionals can have both positive and negative impacts, it is important for Nepal to create policies and initiatives that can help retain talent within the country and address the underlying factors driving migration. This can include improving job opportunities, providing access to education and training, and fostering a more stable political and economic environment.

Class 10 English Unit 14 Travel & Adventure: Included all Questions and Answers (With Grammar I and II+ Writing I and II Solution)

Class 10 English Unit 12 Nature & Development Exercise: Included all Questions and Answers (With Grammar I and II+ Writing I and II Solution)

Class 10 English Unit 13 Population & Migration Exercise: Included all Questions and Answers (With Grammar I and II+ Writing I and II Solution)